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Avonmouth Clinical Waste Incinerator: Difference between revisions
Avonmouth Clinical Waste Incinerator (view source)
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The [[Avonmouth Clinical Waste Incinerator]] is of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Healthcare Waste|Healthcare wastes]] are loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[clinical Waste|waste]], into the inspection cradle which provides the opportunity to visually inspect the [[Clinical Waste|waste]] before it is tipped into the [[incineration|incinerator]] charging hopper. | The [[Avonmouth Clinical Waste Incinerator]] is of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Healthcare Waste|Healthcare wastes]] are loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[clinical Waste|waste]], into the inspection cradle which provides the opportunity to visually inspect the [[Clinical Waste|waste]] before it is tipped into the [[incineration|incinerator]] charging hopper. | ||
The [[Clinical Waste|waste]] is discharged into the loading box and is pushed from there onto the first hearth where the [[combustion|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where it burns vigorously at a temperature of between 850°C and 1000°C, where it burns out to produce an ash. This [[bottom ash]] and any remaining part-combusted [[Clinical Waste|waste]] is then pushed onto the last hearths, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time of the entire process is between 4-6 hours. The residues are then dropped into an ash quench pit at the end of the process before being transferred into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed. | The [[Clinical Waste|waste]] is discharged into the loading box and is pushed from there onto the first hearth where the [[combustion|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where it burns vigorously at a temperature of between 850°C and 1000°C, where it burns out to produce an ash. This [[Incinerator Bottom Ash|bottom ash]] and any remaining part-combusted [[Clinical Waste|waste]] is then pushed onto the last hearths, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time of the entire process is between 4-6 hours. The residues are then dropped into an ash quench pit at the end of the process before being transferred into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed. | ||
The [[flue gases]] from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia: | The [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process. [[Wikipedia:Ammonia|Ammonia]] in the form of [[Wikipedia:Urea|urea]] solution is injected into the secondary chamber for further control and reduction of [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide|oxides of nitrogen]] emissions. | ||
The [[flue gases]] are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen|oxygen]], [[Wikipedia:Ammonia|Ammonia]] and [[Wikipedia:Nitrous oxide|nitrous oxide]]. | The [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and [[wikipedia:Economizer| economiser]], before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen|oxygen]], [[Wikipedia:Ammonia|Ammonia]] and [[Wikipedia:Nitrous oxide|nitrous oxide]]. | ||
The [[Incineration|incineration]] process produces two residues; [[bottom ash]] and spent lime. | The [[Incineration|incineration]] process produces two residues; [[IBA|bottom ash]] and [[APC Residues|spent lime]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||