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Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011: Difference between revisions
Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011 (view source)
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[[Category:Legislation & Policy]] | [[Category:Legislation & Policy]] | ||
Animal | The [[Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011]] are the updated regulations that were implemented to manage [[Animal By-product Material]] following the the foot and mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak Wikipedia Entry for Foot and Mouth Outbreak in UK]</ref>. [[Animal By-product Material]] is material of animal origin that people do not consume. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Animal | Animal By-products (ABPs) (or [[Animal By-product Material]]) are materials of animal origin that people do not consume. ABPs include among others: | ||
* Animal feed - e.g. based on fishmeal and processed animal protein | * Animal feed - e.g. based on fishmeal and processed animal protein | ||
* Organic fertilisers and soil improvers - e.g. manure, guano etc | * Organic fertilisers and soil improvers - e.g. manure, guano etc | ||
* Technical products - e.g. pet food, hides and skins for leather, wool, blood for producing diagnostic tools | * Technical products - e.g. pet food, hides and skins for leather, wool, blood for producing diagnostic tools<ref name='ampr1'>https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/animal-by-products_en</ref> | ||
* Carcasses of fallen stock on farms, pet animals and wild animals that are suspected of being diseased. | * Carcasses of fallen stock on farms, pet animals and wild animals that are suspected of being diseased. | ||
In the EU, over 20 million tons of ABPs emerge annually from slaughterhouses, plants producing food for human consumption, dairies and as fallen stock from farms. | In the EU, over 20 million tons of ABPs emerge annually from slaughterhouses, plants producing food for human consumption, dairies and as fallen stock from farms<ref name='ampr1' />. | ||
ABPs can spread animal diseases (e.g. BSE) or chemical contaminants (e.g. dioxins) and can be dangerous to animal and human health if not properly disposed of. EU rules regulate their movement, processing and disposal. | ABPs can spread animal diseases (e.g. BSE) or chemical contaminants (e.g. dioxins) and can be dangerous to animal and human health if not properly disposed of. EU rules regulate their movement, processing and disposal. | ||
ABPs are categorised according to their risk using the basic principles in Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 and its corresponding implementing Regulation (EC) 142/2011. In England, these Regulations are enacted via the Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011 (and replace the Animal By-Products Regulations 2005 (SI 2347/2005) in England). | ABPs are categorised according to their risk using the basic principles in Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 and its corresponding implementing Regulation (EC) 142/2011. In England, these Regulations are enacted via the Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011 (and replace the Animal By-Products Regulations 2005 (SI 2347/2005) in England).<ref name='ampr2'>https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69458/pb13688-animal-by-products-controls-111130.pdf</ref> | ||
The Regulations also regulate the use of animal by-products for example as feed (including pet food), fertiliser or for technical products and lay down rules for their transformation through composting and biogas and their disposal via rendering and incineration. It also continues to prevent catering waste from being fed to livestock. | The Regulations also regulate the use of animal by-products for example as feed (including pet food), fertiliser or for technical products and lay down rules for their transformation through composting and biogas and their disposal via rendering and incineration. It also continues to prevent catering waste from being fed to livestock. | ||
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==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
Animal by-products are defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 as “entire bodies or parts of animals, products of animal origin or other products obtained from animals that are not intended for human consumption”. | Animal by-products are defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 as “entire bodies or parts of animals, products of animal origin or other products obtained from animals that are not intended for human consumption”<ref name='ampr2' />. | ||
This includes catering waste, used cooking oil, former foodstuffs, butcher and slaughterhouse waste, blood, feathers, wool, hides and skins, fallen stock, pet animals, zoo and circus animals, hunt trophies, manure, ova, embryos and semen not intended for breeding purposes. | This includes catering waste, used cooking oil, former foodstuffs, butcher and slaughterhouse waste, blood, feathers, wool, hides and skins, fallen stock, pet animals, zoo and circus animals, hunt trophies, manure, ova, embryos and semen not intended for breeding purposes<ref name='ampr2' />. | ||
==Categories== | ==Categories== | ||
Under Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 animal by-products can fall into one of three categories. | Under Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 animal by-products can fall into one of three categories<ref name='ampr2' />. | ||
===Category 1=== | ===Category 1=== | ||
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fertilisers or soil improvers have been applied within unless grazing restrictions have been | fertilisers or soil improvers have been applied within unless grazing restrictions have been | ||
observed. In England the grazing ban is 8 weeks for pigs and 3 weeks for all other farmed | observed. In England the grazing ban is 8 weeks for pigs and 3 weeks for all other farmed | ||
animals. | animals<ref name='ampr2' />. | ||
==Disposal and Use of Animal By-Products== | ==Disposal and Use of Animal By-Products== | ||
===Disposal and use of Category 1 material=== | ===Disposal and use of Category 1 material<ref name='ampr2' />=== | ||
Article 12 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the disposal routes for category 1 material. As the highest risk material, this material must be destroyed by incineration, or by rendering followed by incineration. These are the only options for TSE suspect materials. | Article 12 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the disposal routes for category 1 material. As the highest risk material, this material must be destroyed by [[Incineration|incineration]], or by rendering followed by [[Incineration|incineration]]. These are the only options for TSE suspect materials. | ||
Other category 1 material is also permitted to be pressure-rendered and disposed of in an authorised landfill site. International catering waste may be disposed directly in an authorised landfill site. | Other category 1 material is also permitted to be pressure-rendered and disposed of in an authorised [[Landfill|landfill]] site. International catering waste may be disposed directly in an authorised [[Landfill|landfill]] site. | ||
===Disposal and Use of Category 2 material=== | ===Disposal and Use of Category 2 material<ref name='ampr2' />=== | ||
Article 13 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the disposal routes for category 2 material. The basic options of incineration and rendering followed by incineration are permitted, as with category 1 material. All category 2 material can also be pressure-rendered and disposed of in an authorised landfill site. | Article 13 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the disposal routes for category 2 material. The basic options of [[Incineration|incineration]] and rendering followed by [[Incineration|incineration]] are permitted, as with category 1 material. All category 2 material can also be [[Rendering|pressure-rendered]] and disposed of in an authorised [[Landfill|landfill]] site. | ||
Category 2 material can be pressure-rendered and then used for the production of organic fertilisers and soil improvers. It can also be pressure-rendered and used in an approved composting or anaerobic digestion plant. A very limited number of category 2 materials (manure, digestive tract content, milk and milk-based products and colostrum) may be applied directly to land without processing provided there is no risk of transmitting a disease. | Category 2 material can be [[Rendering|pressure-rendered]] and then used for the production of organic fertilisers and soil improvers. It can also be pressure-rendered and used in an approved [[Composting|composting]] or [[Anaerobic Digestion|anaerobic digestion]] plant. A very limited number of category 2 materials (manure, digestive tract content, milk and milk-based products and colostrum) may be applied directly to land without processing provided there is no risk of transmitting a disease. | ||
===Disposal and Use of Category 3 material=== | ===Disposal and Use of Category 3 material<ref name='ampr2' />=== | ||
Article 14 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the use and disposal routes for category 3 | Article 14 of Regulation (EC) 1069/2009 sets out the use and disposal routes for category 3 | ||
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category 3 material compared to higher risk material. | category 3 material compared to higher risk material. | ||
Category 3 material can like category 1 and category 2 material be incinerated, or rendered | Category 3 material can like category 1 and category 2 material be [[Incineration|incinerated]], or [[Rendering|rendered]] | ||
followed by incineration. Category 3 material can also be rendered followed by disposal in an | followed by [[Incineration|incineration]]. Category 3 material can also be rendered followed by disposal in an | ||
authorised landfill (unlike higher category material this does not have to be pressure rendering). | authorised landfill (unlike higher category material this does not have to be pressure rendering). | ||
Category 3 material can be rendered for the production of | Category 3 material can be [[Rendering|rendered]] for the production of pet food and organic fertilisers or soil | ||
improvers. Rendered category 3 material can also be used in the production of animal | improvers. [[Rendering|Rendered]] category 3 material can also be used in the production of animal | ||
feeding stuffs, though | feeding stuffs, though the related restrictions on the feeding of processed animal protein | ||
severely restrict this. | severely restrict this. | ||
Category 3 material can be used directly in approved composting or anaerobic digestion plants, | Category 3 material can be used directly in approved [[Composting|composting]] or [[Anaerobic Digestion|anaerobic digestion]] plants, | ||
and in the production of raw pet food. | and in the production of raw pet food. | ||
Certain category 3 material (raw milk, colostrum and products derived from these) can be | Certain category 3 material (raw milk, colostrum and products derived from these) can be | ||
applied directly to land provided there is no risk of transmitting a disease. | applied directly to land provided there is no risk of transmitting a disease. | ||
==References== | |||
<references /> | |||