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Landfill Directive: Difference between revisions
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The overall objective of the [[Landfill Directive]] was to supplement the requirements of the [[Waste Framework Directive]] (2006/12/EC) and prevent or reduce as far as possible the negative effects of [[Landfill]] on the environment as well as any resultant risk to human health | |||
[[Category:Legislation & Policy]][[Category:Targets & Metrics]] | |||
==Introduction== | |||
The overall objective of the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC was to supplement the requirements of the [[Waste Framework Directive]] (2006/12/EC) and prevent or reduce as far as possible the negative effects of [[Landfill]] on the environment as well as any resultant risk to human health. It seeks to achieve this through specifying uniform technical standards at Community level and sets out requirements for the: | |||
* location | |||
* management | |||
* engineering | |||
* closure and | |||
* monitoring for landfills. | |||
The Directive also includes requirements relating to the characteristics of the waste to be landfilled<ref name="foo">Defra, 2010. [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69347/pb13563-landfill-directive-100322.pdf Environmental Permitting Guidance: The Landfill Directive for the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs], p.7.</ref>. | |||
==Types of Landfill== | |||
The Landfill Directive sets out which wastes can be accepted in the different classes of landfill (Article 6(b), (c) and (d)). The Decision requires that waste shall be accepted at a [[Landfill]] only if it meets the acceptance criteria ([[WAC]]) for the relevant class of landfill (Article 3 of the Decision and section 2 of the Annex). The relevant classes of Landfill are: | |||
* [[Non-Hazardous Landfill]] | |||
* [[Hazardous Landfill]] | |||
* [[Inert Landfill]]<ref name="foo" />. | |||
A [[Non-Hazardous Landfill]] can accept [[Stabilised Non-Reactive Hazardous Waste]] if certain criteria are met, including the requirement that any cell which receives this material is separated from cells receiving Biodegradable Waste. | |||
==Biodegradable Waste== | |||
The Directive also requires that a strategy on biodegradable waste is put in place that achieves the progressive diversion of [[Biodegradable Municipal Waste]] from landfill (Articles 5(1) & (2)). | |||
The 2020 target remains to reduce landfill of [[Biodegradable Municipal Waste]] to 35% of that produced in 1995. | |||
==Waste Acceptance== | |||
The Landfill Directive provides for a standard procedure for the acceptance of waste in a landfill so as to avoid any risks, these include: | |||
* Waste must be treated before being landfilled; | |||
* Hazardous waste within the meaning of the Directive must be assigned to a hazardous waste landfill; | |||
* Landfills for non-hazardous waste must be used for municipal waste and for other non-hazardous wastes; | |||
* Landfill sites for inert waste must be used only for inert waste | |||
* Criteria for the acceptance of waste ([[WAC]])at each landfill class must be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the general principles of Annex II. | |||
The following wastes may not be accepted in a landfill: | |||
* Liquid waste | |||
* Flammable waste | |||
* Explosive or oxidising waste | |||
* Hospital and other clinical, veterinary waste which is infectious | |||
* Used tyres | |||
* Any other type of waste which does not meet the acceptance criteria laid down in Annex II. | |||
==Permitting Requirements== | |||
The Directive sets up a system of operating permits for landfill sites. The most recent guidance<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/understanding-the-landfill-directive-lfd-1] LFD Understanding the Landfill Directive</ref> is published by the [[EA]] and referred to by the other regulatory bodies in the UK. Applications for permits must contain the following information: | |||
* The identity of the applicant (and operator) | |||
* A description of the waste types and total quantity to be deposited; | |||
* The capacity of the disposal site | |||
* A description of the site | |||
* The proposed methods for pollution prevention and abatement | |||
* The plan for closure and aftercare procedures | |||
* The applicant’s financial security | |||
* An impact assessment study. | |||
==Other Key Provisions== | |||
Member States had to ensure that existing landfill sites did not continue to operate unless they complied with the provisions of the Directive. | |||
Directive 2018/850 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 was an amendment of the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC and included the initiatives that waste suitable for [[recycling]] or other [[recovery]] (esp. [[MSW]]) should not be landfilled from 2030, and by 2035 the proportion of [[MSW]] landfilled should be 10% or less of total the MSW produced. This included a 5 year grace period for members disposing of more than 60% [[MSW]] in 2013. | |||
==References== | |||
<references /> | |||