Organic Waste: Difference between revisions

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Organic Waste is generally reported to comprise [[Garden Waste]] and [[Food Waste]] and arisings total around '''23,000,000 tonnes''' per year. It generally excludes [[Agricultural Waste]] (including manures and slurries which total around 90,000,000 tonnes per year) and [[Sewage Sludge]] (which totals around 2,000,000 tonnes per year)<ref name="org1">[http://www.wrap.org.uk/collections-and-reprocessing/recovered-materials-markets/reports/market-situation-reports-organics [[WRAP]] Most Recent Organics Market Report]</ref>.
[[File:Garden Waste Picture.jpg|300px|left|Picture of Green Waste source 123RF.com]][[File:Food Waste Picture.png|300px|left|Picture of Food Waste source Mental Floss]]__TOC__
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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
Organic waste is waste that is biodegradable, including [[Garden Waste]] and [[Food Waste]]<ref name="foo">WRAP, 2017. [http://wrap.org.uk/collections-and-reprocessing/organics Organics | WRAP UK. Wrap.org.uk.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>‌.  
Organic waste is waste that is biodegradable, generally reported as [[Garden Waste]] and [[Food Waste]]. Whilst other wastes have an organic and/or biological content (such as [[Sewage Sludge]] and [[Agricultural Waste]] manures and slurries) they are separately reported.


[[Anaerobic Digestion]] and [[Composting]] are the best methods for dealing with organic waste, and is essential to diverting waste from landfill and producing renewable energy and sustainable fertilisers<ref name="foo" />.
[[Anaerobic Digestion]] and [[Composting]] (either [[Windrow Composting]] or [[In-vessel Composting]]) are the [[treatment]] methods for dealing with organic waste, and are key to diverting waste from [[landfill]] and producing renewable energy and sustainable fertilisers.


== Macro Tonnage ==
== Macro Tonnage ==
The most recent information published by DEFRA <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-waste-and-resource-statistics-2018-edition Digest of Waste Resources 2018] reporting data from 2016</ref> <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-waste-data UK Statistics on Waste 2019] updating some of the 2018 Digest with 2017 data</ref>identifies three categories of wastes that are generally considered to be organic and is part of the broader tonnage reported as [[UK Waste Tonnage]]:
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is based on 2016 data, with [[WRAP]] data for [[Food Waste]] from 2018<ref name="org2">[https://wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Food_%20surplus_and_waste_in_the_UK_key_facts_Jan_2020.pdf [[WRAP]] Key Facts Jan. 2020] </ref> and organic waste generally from 2008<ref name = "org1"/>. The macro numbers under-report the total organic waste arisings in the UK as a whole as they exclude:
* Organic Waste which is within general mixed waste (i.e. [[DEFRA]] only report segregated materials)
* A large proportion of [[Agricultural Waste]] which is [[Food Waste]] (and hence Organic Waste) which is not reported (i.e. reject crops or crop wastage that is ploughed back into fields)
* Other organic waste streams that are separately recorded (i.e. [[Sewage Sludge]] and [[Agricultural Waste]] manures and slurries)
 
=== [[WRAP]] Figures ===
[[WRAP]] in their organics report (dated 2008)<ref name = "org1"/> reported the following total arisings:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Organic Waste !! [[MSW]] Arisings (Tonnes) !! [[C&I Waste]] Arisings (Tonnes) !! Total Arisings (Tonnes)
|-
| [[Food Waste]] || 6,100,000 || 5,700,000 || 11,800,0000<sup>1</sup>
|-
| [[Garden Waste]] || 6,400,000 || 4,200.000 || 10,600,000
|-
|  Other || 0 || 2,600,000 || 2,600,000
|-
| Total || 12,500,000<sup>2</sup> || 12,500,000 || 25,000,000
|}
# The table is superseded by the figure below, showing the reviewed position of [[WRAP]] for [[Food Waste]] at 9,500,000 tonnes in 2018 (a reduction of around 2,300,000 tonnes) taking the total organic waste arisings to around '''23,000,000 tonnes'''.
# Within the report [[WRAP]] indicated that 3,612,000 tonnes of the total arisings shown was collected, the majority of which was [[Garden Waste]]. [[Food Waste]] collection has increased since that time to around treble that reported as collected (c. 780,000 tonnes) and an increase in composting at the home (c. 530,000 tonnes). This has resulted in [[WRAP]] now reporting 1,300,000 tonnes of collected [[Food Waste]]. With [[Garden Waste]] reasonably static this means the 3,612,000 tonnes has increased to around 4,600,000 tonnes.
 
 
As noted above, [[WRAP]] in their most recent report <ref name = "org2" />identify around 9,500,000 tonnes of [[Food Waste]], of which 6,600,000 tonnes was from household sources with the following graphic summarising their findings and further explained on the [[Food Waste]] page:
 
[[File:WRAP Food Waste Graphic.png|800px|left|Source: WRAP Graphic - Key Facts Report Updated May 2019]]
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===[[DEFRA]] Figures===
As set out above, the [[DEFRA]] macro numbers only report segregated organic waste and identifies three categories of wastes:  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016 !! Tonnes  
! Reported by [[DEFRA]] as Generated in 2016 !! Tonnes  
|-
|-
| Animal & Mixed Food Waste || 3,056,065  
| Animal & Mixed Food Waste || 3,056,065  
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|-
|-
| Animal Faeces, Urine & Manure || 114,422  
| Animal Faeces, Urine & Manure || 114,422  
|-
| Total|| 9,189,587
|}
|}


The final category is not relevant to household waste and local authority waste generally, but the other two categories have more significant tonnage that is split across primarily household, commercial and industrial tonnages as shown the in pie charts below:
The categories are split into six potential sources, as are all the [[DEFRA]] figures, summarised in the pie charts and data tables below:
[[File:Organics Pie Chart.png|frame|center|Organic Waste - Tonnage Reported by DEFRA as arising in 2016 (from two specific groups)]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2"|Vegetable Wastes!!colspan="2"|Animal & Mixed Food Waste
|-
| colspan="2"|{{Graph:MaterialPie|Width=200|Height=200|size=200|offset=175|val1=11129|val2=1241|val3=1333996|val4=7341|val5=266771|val6=4398621}}|| colspan="2"|{{Graph:MaterialPie|Width=200|Height=200|size=200|offset=175|val1=31846|val2=416|val3=1657269|val4=93|val5=805211|val6=561230}}
|-
! colspan="2"|Data Table!! colspan="2"|Data Table
|-
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (AFF) || style="text-align:right;"|11,129|| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (AFF) || style="text-align:right;"|31,846
|-
| Mining and Quarrying (MQ) || style="text-align:right;"|1,241|| Mining and Quarrying (MQ) || style="text-align:right;"|416
|-
| Industrial (Ind) || style="text-align:right;" | 1,333,996|| Industrial (Ind) || style="text-align:right;" | 1,657,269
|-
| Construction (Con) || style="text-align:right;" | 7,341|| Construction (Con) || style="text-align:right;" | 93
|-
| Commercial (Com)|| style="text-align:right;" | 266,771|| Commercial (Com)|| style="text-align:right;" | 805,211
|-
| Household (HH)|| style="text-align:right;" |4,398,621|| Household (HH)|| style="text-align:right;" |561,230
|}


The macro numbers above under-report the total organic waste put into the market as the macro numbers exclude tonnage in mixed categories and under report food waste at farm which may be ploughed back into fields without recording it as waste.  
From the information above, 4,959,851 tonnes is reported as household (54% of the total) and slightly more than the estimated figure of 4,600,000 tonnes above (mainly as a result of [[Garden Waste]] assumptions). The tonnage reported as [[C&I Waste]] of 4,063,247 tonnes (45% of the total) will be predominantly [[Food Waste]], with only incidental other tonnage captured from other sources. This tonnage is higher than [[WRAP]] figures.  


[[WRAP]] in their most recent report <ref>[http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Food%20Surplus%20and%20Waste%20in%20the%20UK%20Key%20Facts%20(22%207%2019)_0.pdf WRAP Food Surplus and Waste in the UK  - Key Facts] </ref>identify over 10,000,000 tonnes of food waste, of which 7,100,000 tonnes was from household sources with the following graphic summarizing their findings:
===[[WasteDataFlow]] Figures===
The tonnage reported through [[WasteDataFlow]] by the [[Waste Collection Authority|Waste Collection Authorities]] and [[Waste Disposal Authority|Waste Disposal Authorities ]] for England and Wales are set out in the sections below for each [[Collection System Design]] for [[Garden Waste]] and [[Food Waste]]. The tonnage reported is for the 2017/18 financial year and is summarised as follows (and screens out those reporting below the de-minimus figures set out in each section for simplicity):


[[File:WRAP key facts on food waste diagram.png|frame|center|WRAP Summary Diagram of Food Waste]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
! Collection Method !! Tonnes
 
|-
The headers below presently only capture the tonnage collected and reported by local authorities through [[WasteDataFlow]].
|Green garden Waste Only  || 286,161
|-
| Mixed garden and Food Waste || 310,815
|-
| Other Compostable Waste || 63,642
|-
| Waste food Only || 157,30
|-
|Total||818,148
|}


== Green garden Waste Only ==
== Green garden Waste Only ==
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 30000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that send greater than 20,000 tonnes of [[Green Waste]] to a single waste operator as part of a [[Collection System Design]] that is termed [[Green Separate]] in the arrangements section of WikiWaste, and which can be on a variety of different frequencies and can be [[Green Charged]] or [[Green Not Charged]]:
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Green garden waste only' and tonnage >= 30000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Green garden waste only' and tonnage >= 20000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== Mixed garden and Food Waste ==
== Mixed garden and Food Waste ==
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 30000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 30,000 tonnes of [[Green Waste]] mixed with [[Food Waste]] to a single waste operator as part of a [[Collection System Design]] that is termed [[Green Comingled]] or [[Food Comingled]] in the arrangements section of WikiWaste.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed garden and food waste' and tonnage >= 30000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed garden and food waste' and tonnage >= 30000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== Other Compostable Waste ==
== Other Compostable Waste ==
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5,000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other compostable waste' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other compostable waste' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== Waste food Only ==
== Waste food Only ==
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10,000 tonnes of [[Food Waste]] to a single waste operator as part of a [[Collection System Design]] that is termed [[Food Separate]] in the arrangements section of WikiWaste.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Waste food only' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Waste food only' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== References ==
== References ==