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High Temperature and Clinical Waste Incineration: Difference between revisions
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The [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste]] and [[Healthcare Waste]] (covering both [[Clinical Waste]] and [[Offensive Waste]]) is, in many cases, the prescribed approach for the [[disposal]] of these wastes. In the UK there are 4 '''High Temperature Incinerators''' (or [[HTI]]s) focused on [[Hazardous Waste]], | The [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste]] and [[Healthcare Waste]] (covering both [[Clinical Waste]] and [[Offensive Waste]]) is, in many cases, the prescribed approach for the [[disposal]] of these wastes. In the UK there are 4 '''High Temperature Incinerators''' (or [[HTI]]s) focused on [[Hazardous Waste]], 15 '''Clinical Waste Incinerators''' dedicated to [[Healthcare Waste]] (with one further site in construction for delivery in 2021) and 20 [[Residual Waste EFW]] [[Incineration|incinerators]] that have received [[Clinical Waste]] in 2020. | ||
[[File:Veolia Ellesmere Port.jpg| | [[Category:Technologies & Solutions]] | ||
[[File:Veolia Ellesmere Port.jpg|400px|left|Picture of [[Veolia]]'s Ellesmere Port - stock image - all rights reserved ]]__TOC__ | |||
<br clear='left'/> | <br clear='left'/> | ||
[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]] | [[Category:Technologies & Solutions]] | ||
==Context== | ==Context== | ||
The [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste]] and [[Healthcare Waste]] (covering both [[Clinical Waste]] and [[Offensive Waste]]) is, in many cases, the prescribed approach for the [[disposal]] of these wastes. They can be broadly grouped by: | The [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste]] and [[Healthcare Waste]] (covering both [[Clinical Waste]] and [[Offensive Waste]]) is, in many cases, the prescribed approach for the [[disposal]] of these wastes. They can be broadly grouped by: | ||
* '''High Temperature Incinerators''' (or [[HTI]]s) focused on [[Hazardous Waste]] and operating at [[combustion]] temperatures of up to 1450°C. | * '''High Temperature Incinerators''' (or [[HTI]]s) focused on [[Hazardous Waste]] and operating at [[combustion]] temperatures of up to 1450°C. | ||
* '''Clinical Waste Incinerators''' dedicated to [[Healthcare Waste]], having a primary [[combustion]] chamber operating at 800 - 1000°C, and a secondary [[combustion]] chamber at a minimum temperature of 1100°C with a retention time of gases of two seconds<ref name="Health">[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167976/HTM_07-01_Final.pdf/ 07_01_HTM Safe Management of Healthcare Waste]</ref>. | * '''Clinical Waste Incinerators''' dedicated to [[Healthcare Waste]], having a primary [[combustion]] chamber operating at 800 - 1000°C, and a secondary [[combustion]] chamber at a minimum temperature of 1100°C with a retention time of gases of two seconds<ref name="Health">[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167976/HTM_07-01_Final.pdf/ 07_01_HTM Safe Management of Healthcare Waste]</ref>. | ||
* '''[[Residual Waste EFW]]''' [[Incineration|incinerators]] which have historically been able to dispose of specific [[Clinical Waste]] streams where they meet the same [[combustion]] and handling requirements as set out in preceding point. | * '''[[Residual Waste EFW]]''' [[Incineration|incinerators]] (also often termed MSW Incinerators) which have historically been able to dispose of specific [[Clinical Waste]] streams where they meet the same [[combustion]] and handling requirements as set out in preceding point<ref>As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the [[EA]] published a Regulatory Position Statement (RPS C23) clarifying the circumstances where COVID-19 waste can be [[Incineration|incinerated]] with Municipal Waste Waste ([[MSW]]) until July 2021</ref><ref name="C23">[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/incinerating-specified-healthcare-wastes-at-a-municipal-waste-incinerator-rps-c23/incinerating-specified-healthcare-wastes-at-a-municipal-waste-incinerator-rps-c23#conditions-you-must-comply-with RPS C23]</ref>. | ||
In 2020 these facilities received 131,944 tonnes of [[Clinical Waste]] (with no reporting by two sites) and the [[HTI]]s received 123,636 tonnes of [[Hazardous Waste]], excluding the Hazardous Clinical Waste they received. In addition, '''[[Cement Kilns]]''' also played a significant role in the [[disposal]] of some specific [[Hazardous Waste]] [[EWC]] codes, totaling 102,231 tonnes in 2020 (although no data was recorded for three of the cement kilns). | |||
==Historical Levels of Incineration== | |||
The historical picture for '''hazardous waste incineration''' (all [[EWC]] codes as hazardous, excluding those [[EWCChap18|EWC chapter 18 codes]] that are hazardous and included in the graph above) is shown in the figure below '''for England only''', with a significant proportion exported to [[R1]] incineration and sent to the four High Temperature Incinerators (HTIs). This figure excludes hazardous waste to [[Cement Kilns]]. | |||
[[File:Hazardous Waste Incineration Graph.png|600px|center|Graph of Hazardous Waste to incineration - all rights reserved Monksleigh]] | |||
The historical picture for '''clinical waste incineration''' (as defined by [[EWCChap18|EWC chapter 18 codes]]) is shown in the figure below '''for England only''', with relatively little exported to [[R1]] incineration and a dramatic increase in MSW incineration in 2019/20 through the [[wikipedia:COVID-19 pandemic| pandemic]]<ref>Note some of the Clinical Incinerators do not have waste returns and so the annual report data is used in theses cases. Also note that the 'MSW Incinerators' report waste returns which are under-reported in the annual reports</ref> | |||
[[File:Clinical Waste Incineration Graph.png|600px|center|Graph of Clinical Waste to Incineration all rights reserved Monksleigh]] | |||
==Sites== | ==Sites== | ||
The following tables summarise all [[High Temperature and Clinical Waste Incineration]] facilities (excluding micro-scale plants and [[Pet Crematoriums]]) and those '''[[Residual Waste EFW]]''' sites that received [[Clinical Waste]] in | The following tables summarise all [[High Temperature and Clinical Waste Incineration]] facilities (excluding micro-scale plants and [[Pet Crematoriums]]) and those '''[[Residual Waste EFW]]''' sites that received [[Clinical Waste]] in 2021. This page excludes '''[[Cement Kilns]]''' which are separately listed in WikiWaste. | ||
Within the tables below the headline plated capacity, the total tonnage received in | Within the tables below the headline plated capacity, the total tonnage received in 2021 and the tonnage of [[Clinical Waste]] received in 2021 is listed from annual report data. The ID numbers refer to the map on this page, with the 'EFW ID' in the last table referring to the corresponding ID in the [[Residual Waste EFW]] listing. More detailed information is available on each site by clicking through to the site specific page (which are being progressively added in to WikiWaste over time) from the tables below: | ||
[[File:HTI and Clin Incin.png|600px|right|Locations of HTI & Clinical Incinerator in the UK]] | [[File:HTI and Clin Incin.png|600px|right|Locations of HTI & Clinical Incinerator in the UK]] | ||
===List of Clinical Waste Incinerators ('''ClinIncin''')=== | ===List of Clinical Waste Incinerators ('''ClinIncin''')=== | ||
Of the sites listed below [[Haylers End Energy Recovery Plant]] (near Malvern), has only recently opened and [[Scotia Business Park]] (near Stoke-on-Trent), is in construction for delivery in the Q3 of 2021. [[Kings Weston Lane, Avonmouth]] has no annual return for 2020. | Of the sites listed below [[Haylers End Energy Recovery Plant]] (near Malvern), has only recently opened and [[Scotia Business Park]] (near Stoke-on-Trent), is in construction for delivery in the Q3 of 2021. [[Kings Weston Lane, Avonmouth]] has no annual return for 2020. Of the sites below, [[Hillingdon Clinical Waste Incinerator]] appears to have closed in 2020 and consequently made a zero annual return, and whilst [[Wrexham Clinical Waste Incinerator]] made an annual return for both 2019 (c.5,600 tonnes) and 2021 (c.5,100 tonnes), it made no annual return for 2020. By going to each page for each site the quarterly returns to the EA, where made, can be compared to the annual return data below. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinincin |where=type='ClinIncin'|data=site=site,id=id,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | {{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinincin |where=type='ClinIncin'|data=site=site,id=id,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | ||
{|Class="wikitable sortable" | {|Class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! ID !! Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received | ! ID !! Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received 2022!!Clinical Received 2022 | ||
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
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}} | }} | ||
|} | |} | ||
===List of High Temperature Incinerators ('''HTI''')=== | ===List of High Temperature Incinerators ('''HTI''')=== | ||
The largest High Temperature Incinerator site in the UK, and one of the most advanced in Europe<ref>[https://www.veolia.co.uk/sites/g/files/dvc1681/files/document/2014/11/HTI_BROCHURE_0.pdf Ellesmere Port Brochure]</ref>, is [[Veolia]]'s [[Ellesmere Port Incinerator]] which recently celebrated its 30th anniversary<ref>[https://www.veolia.co.uk/press-releases/veolia-high-temperature-incinerator-facility-marks-30-years-successful-operation Veolia Press Release September 2020]</ref>. The [[Fine Environmental Services Seal Sands Facility]] is a dedicated facility for processing [[Hazardous Waste]] from the adjacent industrial facility alone. | The largest High Temperature Incinerator site in the UK, and one of the most advanced in Europe<ref>[https://www.veolia.co.uk/sites/g/files/dvc1681/files/document/2014/11/HTI_BROCHURE_0.pdf Ellesmere Port Brochure]</ref>, is [[Veolia]]'s [[Ellesmere Port Incinerator]] which recently celebrated its 30th anniversary<ref>[https://www.veolia.co.uk/press-releases/veolia-high-temperature-incinerator-facility-marks-30-years-successful-operation Veolia Press Release September 2020]</ref>. The [[Fine Environmental Services Seal Sands Facility]] is a dedicated facility for processing [[Hazardous Waste]] from the adjacent industrial facility alone. By going to each page for each site the quarterly returns to the EA can be compared to the annual return data below. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinincin |where=type='HTI'|data=site=site,id=id,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | {{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinincin |where=type='HTI'|data=site=site,id=id,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | ||
{|Class="wikitable sortable" | {|Class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! ID !! Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received | ! ID !! Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received 2022!!Clinical Received 2022 | ||
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
| Line 53: | Line 62: | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Incinerators that received [[Clinical Waste]] in | ===Incinerators that received [[Clinical Waste]] in 2022 ('''Incin''')=== | ||
By going to each page for each site the quarterly returns to the EA can be compared to the annual return data below. | |||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinefw |where=type='Incin'|data=site=site,id=id,efwid=efwid,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | {{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=listclinefw |where=type='Incin'|data=site=site,id=id,efwid=efwid,type=type,plated=plated,totalin=totalin,totclinin=totclinin}} | ||
{|Class="wikitable sortable" | {|Class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! ID !! EfW ID !!Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received | ! ID !! EfW ID !!Site Name !! Type of Site!!Capacity (t)!!Total Received 2022!!Clinical Received 2022 | ||
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
| Line 71: | Line 81: | ||
}} | }} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Out of all [[Residual Waste EFW]] sites, 20 received [[Clinical Waste]] in 2021, with some, such as [[Tyseley ERF]], having a long history of receiving [[Clinical Waste]] and others currently applying to accept [[Clinical Waste]] in the longer term, such as [[Sheffield ERF]] which has applied for a [[Environmental Permit|permit]] amendment to handle 10,000 tonnes per year of orange bag [[Healthcare Waste|healthcare waste]]<ref>[https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/latest-news/veolia-says-efw-pivotal-for-clinical-waste/ Letsrecycle Article</ref>, to enable continued receipt of this waste after RPS C23<ref name="C23"/> expired. In addition, Lerwick has also recently applied for a permit variation for up to 4,000 tonnes of [[Healthcare Waste|healthcare waste]]<ref>[https://consultation.sepa.org.uk/permits/lerwick-energy-recovery-plant-ppc-application/ [[SEPA]] permit consultation]</ref> for a similar reason. | |||
==Reporting== | ==Reporting== | ||
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* There are a few sites that may have received waste but sent it onward for processing elsewhere, either due to plant breakdown/availability or by using different treatment options for the waste received than [[incineration]] in the case of 'ClinIncin' sites | * There are a few sites that may have received waste but sent it onward for processing elsewhere, either due to plant breakdown/availability or by using different treatment options for the waste received than [[incineration]] in the case of 'ClinIncin' sites | ||
* The plated capacity can be by reference to the [[Environmental Permit]] limit, or the design capacity referenced in the annual report for the site, which ever the operating company chooses to report | * The plated capacity can be by reference to the [[Environmental Permit]] limit, or the design capacity referenced in the annual report for the site, which ever the operating company chooses to report | ||
* Some [[EfW]] facilities do not report [[Clinical Waste]] as as separate line item where it is [[Non-Hazardous Waste|non-hazardous]] in nature, instead reporting it | * Some [[EfW]] facilities do not report [[Clinical Waste]] as as separate line item in their annual report where it is [[Non-Hazardous Waste|non-hazardous]] in nature, instead reporting it as part of either the [[Household Waste|household waste]] or [[C&I Waste|commercial and industrial waste]] streams received. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||