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Paper & Card: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | ||
[[Paper & Card]] wastes include any single one or mixture of the following: Paper, card, board, board/plastic composites and other paper composite products. Most of this waste arises from offices and packaging<ref name="foo" >DEFRA, 2011. [http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?id=000IL3890W.19N07QC5PF26XN ARCHIVE: Waste Management Advisor - Paper and card (clean).] [online] adlib.everysite.co.uk. [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>. | |||
[[File:Paper-recycling-plant-2.jpg|300px|left|Recycled cardboard in bales]]__TOC__ | |||
<br clear='left'/> | |||
== Overview == | |||
[[Paper & Card]] is essentially derived from trees and so, if it is to be sustainable, paper and card waste should be recycled so the rate at which these materials are used does not exceed the rate at which the trees can grow<ref name="foo" />. | |||
In addition to recycling, a significant portion of paper and card waste is sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] as part of the waste mix where [[recycling]] has not fully recovered the material, totaling 566,000 tonnes in 2014<ref>WRAP, 2016. [https://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Paper%20and%20Card%20Flow%202020%20Final%20for%20publication.pdf. Final Report - Paper and Card Flow 2020.] [online]</ref>. Where this material is in the waste mix and sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] it is counted as [[Biomass]]/Renewable content. | |||
The grouping of Paper & Card is a broad category but captures a wide range of different specific categories/types within the [[recycling]] sector that essentially specializes in the [[recycling]] and the national and international trading of the fibre (from the different types) back into paper and cardboard (and to some degree the value of fibre in recycled paper and card types links back the value and availability of fibre derived from trees and wood). Each time Paper & Card is recycled the fibre length shortens, resulting in a progressive use towards lower grades of Paper & Card products over time. | |||
Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Paper & Card|Paper and Card]] is defined as all paper and card except: | |||
* Paper and card that contains glitter or foil | |||
* Paper that is laminated | |||
* Stickers and sticky paper | |||
* Padded lined envelopes | |||
* Paperback and hardback books | |||
* Wallpaper | |||
== Paper and Card Grades (examples incl. [[KLS]], [[OCC]] and [[NEWS and PAMS]]) == | |||
Whilst the macro split is into essentially into [[Paper & Card]], the businesses specializing in these material trade in the wider markets which have a global influence. Categories and grades might include, for example: | |||
*Mixed Papers | |||
*'''Old [[KLS]]''' (also sometimes combined with [[OCC]]) | |||
*'''[[NEWS and PAMS]]''' | |||
*'''[[OCC]] 11''' (grade 11) | |||
*Over Issue | |||
*Best White No.2 | |||
*Sorted Office Waste | |||
| |||
A European list of standard grades of paper and board is captured in EN 643 which was revised in 2013<ref>[https://www.pita.org.uk/images/PDF/CEPI_EN_643_Documentation.pdf Guidance on the Revised EN643]</ref>. There are 5 groups that fall with in the definition of 'Paper and Board for Recycling', further defined as ''natural fibre-based paper and board suitable for recycling; consisting of paper and board in any shape or product made predominately from paper and board, which may include other constituents that cannot be removed by dry sorting, such as coatings, laminates, spiral bindings etc''. The Groups under EN 643 are: | |||
# Ordinary Grades | |||
# Medium Grades | |||
# High Grades | |||
# Kraft Grades | |||
# Special Grades | |||
== Macro Tonnages == | == Macro Tonnages == | ||
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/ | The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is based on 2016 data and is summarized in the pie chart below, with 6,989,853 tonnes of paper & cardboard wastes generated in the UK in 2016 as part of the broader tonnage reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| | ! colspan="2"| Paper and Cardboard Wastes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2"|{{Graph:MaterialPie|Width=200|Height=200|size=200|offset=175|val1=8425|val2=1168|val3=1329827|val4=20000|val5=4535548|val6=1094886}} | | colspan="2"|{{Graph:MaterialPie|Width=200|Height=200|size=200|offset=175|val1=8425|val2=1168|val3=1329827|val4=20000|val5=4535548|val6=1094886}} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Books' and tonnage >= 500|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Books' and tonnage >= 500|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 52: | Line 79: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 67: | Line 95: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Mixed Paper & Card == | == Mixed Paper & Card == | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Paper | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Paper and Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 82: | Line 111: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Paper' and tonnage >= 7000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Paper' and tonnage >= 7000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 97: | Line 127: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||