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Glass: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | ||
[[Glass]] is defined as 'a hard, transparent material, used to make windows, bottles, and other objects'<ref>Cambridge Dictionary, 2019. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/glass GLASS | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>. It is formed from a melt by cooling to rigidity without crystallization and is a usually transparent or translucent material consisting typically of a mixture of silicates'<ref>Marriam-Webster, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/glass Definition of GLASS. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>. Crushed glass for [[Recycling|recycling]] is known as [[Cullet]]. | |||
[[File:Waste Glass Picture.jpg|300px|left|Waste Glass picture - source 123 stock images]]__TOC__ | |||
<br clear='left'/> | |||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
[[Glass]] is a resource that can be continuously recycled without a decline in quality. The four main constituents of glass are sand, soda ash, limestone and other additives for colour or special treatments, these materials are not in shortage but the quarrying required to obtain them is energy-intensive and has consequential environmental impacts<ref name="foo">Recyclenow, 2019. [https://www.recyclenow.com/recycling-knowledge/how-is-it-recycled/glass How are glass bottles recycled? | Recycle Now. Recyclenow.com.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>. | |||
Glass is collected by local authorities and waste collection businesses as either a separate stream or as a mixed stream with [[Dry Recyclables]] for subsequent sorting at a suitable [[MRF]] (although this is increasingly being seen as an impediment to the quality of the other [[Dry Recyclables]] as glass breaks and contaminates them). | Glass is collected by local authorities and waste collection businesses as either a separate stream or as a mixed stream with [[Dry Recyclables]] for subsequent sorting at a suitable [[MRF]] (although this is increasingly being seen as an impediment to the quality of the other [[Dry Recyclables]] as glass breaks and contaminates them). | ||
The first stage of glass processing and recycling is crushing to form what is known as a | The first stage of glass processing and recycling is crushing to form what is known as a '''[[Cullet]]''', colour sorting is then required prior using in remelt to make new products (i.e. bottles and jars where the colour of the final product is important and fundamentally affected by the colour of the input cullet) although other options include, for example, using cullet (that has not been colour sorted but has been sized and processed appropriately) as a [[Secondary Aggregate]] or as a filtration medium. | ||
A large proportion of glass is considered [[Packaging Waste]] and the [[Package Recovery Note]] target required is sub-divided into a remelt target to ensure glass has a higher financial incentive to go into a remelt use than a 'lower value' aggregate use. | A large proportion of glass is considered [[Packaging Waste]] and the [[Package Recovery Note]] target required is sub-divided into a remelt target to ensure glass has a higher financial incentive to go into a remelt use than a 'lower value' aggregate use. | ||
Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> Glass is categorised as Glass packaging including bottles and jars | |||
== Macro Tonnages == | == Macro Tonnages == | ||
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/ | The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is summarized in the pie chart below, with 1,338,153 tonnes of glass waste generated in the UK in 2016 and is part of the broader tonnage summarized in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Brown Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Brown Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
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! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Clear Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Clear Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
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! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Green Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Green Glass' and tonnage >= 5000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 85: | Line 90: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 13000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 13000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Glass' and tonnage >= 13000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | {{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Glass' and tonnage >= 13000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
! Authority | ! Authority | ||
| Line 100: | Line 106: | ||
! Material | ! Material | ||
! Tonnes | ! Tonnes | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}} | ! Reporting Period | ||
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||